कथन एवं निष्कर्ष || Statement and conclusion || PART 5

कथन एवं निष्कर्ष || Statement and conclusion || PART 5

Your Query:

*Statement and Conclusion Reasoning* is a type of logical reasoning problem where you are given a statement(s), and based on the information provided, you need to determine whether specific conclusions logically follow. These questions test your ability to infer and deduce using logic.

Here’s how you approach such problems:

1. *Understand the Statement*
Read the statement carefully. It often contains facts or conditions, and you must treat it as true, even if it seems incorrect in real life.

2. *Analyze the Conclusions*
Evaluate each conclusion independently to determine if it logically follows from the statement.

3. *Types of Conclusions*
**Direct conclusion**: Explicitly follows from the statement.
**Implicit conclusion**: Can be inferred from the statement but isn’t directly stated.
**Contradictory conclusion**: Goes against the statement.

4. *Common Logical Indicators*
**All, some, none**: Pay attention to quantifiers. For example:
"All cats are animals" doesn’t imply "All animals are cats."
**If-then**: Conditional statements. For example:
"If it rains, then the ground is wet" doesn’t imply "If the ground is wet, it rained."
**Possibility vs. certainty**: Ensure the conclusion is not assuming more certainty than the statement allows.

5. *Key Techniques*
**Assume nothing outside the given statement**: Base your reasoning solely on the information provided.
**Venn diagrams**: Useful for solving problems involving groups or sets.
**Elimination**: Eliminate conclusions that contradict the statement.

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**Solution**:
**Conclusion 1**: False. The statement doesn’t establish any relationship between dogs and cats.
**Conclusion 2**: True. It logically follows that all cats belong to the category of animals.

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#### *Example 2*
**Statement**: If you exercise, you will stay fit.
**Conclusions**:
1. If you don’t exercise, you will not stay fit.
2. Staying fit depends on exercising.

**Solution**:
**Conclusion 1**: False. The statement doesn’t mention what happens if you don’t exercise.
**Conclusion 2**: True. It can be inferred that exercising helps you stay fit.


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