Скачать или смотреть Fibroids and infertility in women.

Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are common, especially in women of reproductive age. While many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms, they can sometimes cause complications, including issues related to fertility. Here’s a closer look at the relationship between fibroids and infertility:

Types of Fibroids
Intramural Fibroids: These grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
Submucosal Fibroids: These bulge into the uterine cavity.
Subserosal Fibroids: These project to the outside of the uterus.
How Fibroids Can Affect Fertility
Interference with Embryo Implantation: Submucosal fibroids, in particular, can distort the shape of the uterine cavity, making it more difficult for an embryo to implant.
Blockage of Fallopian Tubes: Large fibroids can block the fallopian tubes, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus.
Changes in Blood Flow: Fibroids can alter blood flow to the uterine cavity, which can affect the ability of an embryo to implant and develop.
Hormonal Effects: Fibroids can sometimes affect hormone levels, potentially disrupting ovulation or the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of fibroids can vary but may include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain, frequent urination, constipation, and backache. Diagnosis typically involves:

Ultrasound: To visualize the size, shape, and location of the fibroids.
MRI: To provide more detailed images.
Hysterosalpingography: To check if the fallopian tubes are open.
Hysteroscopy: To look inside the uterine cavity.
Treatment Options
Medication: Hormonal treatments can help shrink fibroids and relieve symptoms but are generally not a long-term solution.
Surgery:
Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus, which can be done through different surgical approaches (laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, or abdominal).
Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, typically considered when other treatments have failed and fertility is no longer a concern.
Minimally Invasive Procedures:
Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS): Uses ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.
Fertility After Treatment
The impact of fibroid treatment on fertility varies depending on the type and extent of treatment. Myomectomy, for instance, can improve fertility outcomes, especially when submucosal fibroids are removed. However, extensive surgery can sometimes cause scarring or other complications that might affect fertility.

Conclusion
While fibroids can contribute to infertility, many women with fibroids can still conceive, especially with appropriate treatment. If you're experiencing symptoms or have concerns about fibroids and fertility, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to explore your options and develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs.