Planting and Harvesting Billions of Tons of Sugarcane to Make Sugar

Planting and Harvesting Billions of Tons of Sugarcane to Make Sugar

Sugarcane is a tall, perennial grass, typically a hybrid, used to produce sugar. The plant stands 2–6 meters (6–20 feet) tall and has a stout, jointed, fibrous stem rich in sucrose, which accumulates in the internodes. Sucrose, or table sugar, is extracted from sugarcane in specialized mills and is widely used in confectionery, beverages, as a preservative in jams and preserves, for decorating cakes and pastries, and as a raw material in the food industry.

The processing of sugarcane yields cane sugar (sucrose) as the primary product. By-products include bagasse, molasses, and filter cake. Bagasse, the dry fibrous residue remaining after juice extraction, is utilized in several ways:

As fuel for boilers and furnaces
In the production of recycled paper, paperboard, and related products
As agricultural mulch
As a raw material for chemical production
In 2020, global sugarcane production reached 1.87 billion tons, with Brazil contributing 40% of the total, India 20%, and China 6%.

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