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Q: Discuss Absalom and Achitophel as a Political Allegory.

Ans.
Absalom and Achitophel is a famous political allegory written by John Dryden in the late 17th century. It tells a story that symbolically represents the political events of that time. In simpler terms, it's like a hidden message or a puzzle that gives insight into real-life politics.

The poem takes place in the biblical era and tells the story of King David and his rebellious son Absalom. However, the characters in the poem represent real people from the political landscape of 17th-century England. The central theme of Absalom and Achitophel is the succession crisis faced by King Charles II.

Let's break down the key characters and their symbolic meanings. King David represents King Charles II, the wise and rightful ruler. Absalom, his son, represents James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, who was believed to be Charles's illegitimate child. Achitophel is a cunning advisor who symbolizes the Earl of Shaftesbury, a political figure involved in the Exclusion Crisis.

In the poem, Achitophel persuades Absalom to rebel against his father and claim the throne. This mirrors the political plot of the time, where Shaftesbury aimed to exclude James, who was Catholic, from succeeding Charles. The poem criticizes Shaftesbury's manipulative tactics and presents him as a dangerous influence on Absalom.

Dryden portrays Absalom as a foolish and inexperienced young man easily swayed by the manipulations of Achitophel. This represents the belief that Monmouth lacked the necessary qualities to rule the kingdom. The poem warns against the dangers of supporting an inexperienced leader driven by personal ambition rather than the good of the nation.

King David's response to the rebellion reflects Charles II's approach to the Exclusion Crisis. David does not immediately punish Absalom but instead seeks a peaceful resolution. This reflects Charles's efforts to find a compromise and avoid outright conflict over the succession.

Another important aspect of the poem is the use of biblical and historical allusions. Dryden draws parallels between the events of the biblical narrative and contemporary political events. This allows readers to connect the characters and actions in the poem with real-life individuals and situations.

Through Absalom and Achitophel, Dryden comments on the political turmoil of his time and the dangers of political ambition and manipulation. He warns against the destabilizing effects of rebellion and advocates for a wise and experienced ruler who can maintain order and peace.

In conclusion, Absalom and Achitophel is a political allegory that uses biblical characters and events to symbolize the political landscape of 17th-century England. It criticizes the manipulative tactics of political figures and warns against supporting inexperienced leaders driven by personal ambition. By decoding the hidden meanings in the poem, readers gain insight into the political events and challenges of the time.