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Production Function:
A production function expresses a relationship between input and output under conditions of given technology.
The production function can be expressed as follows:
Q = f (x1, X2, X3......)
Here, Q = amount of output
X1 = amount of land
X2 = units of labour
X3 = units of capital

Forms of Production Function :
There are three main forms of production function :
(a) Production Function Relating to Increasing Returns:
When the proportionate increase in output is greater than the proportionate increase in all inputs, it is said to be production function relating to increasing returns. To put it differently with the given factors and technology, if more output can be obtained or if the same output can be obtained with the use of less quantity of factors than used earlier, it is known as production function with increasing returns.

(b) Production Functions Relating to Constant Returns:
When the proportionate increase in all the inputs is equal to proportionate increase in output it is said to be production function with constant returns. If the factor prices remain the same, we get production function with constant cost.

(c) Production Function Relating to Diminishing Returns :
When the proportionate increase in output is less than the proportionate increase in all inputs, it is said to be production function with diminishing returns. In other words with the given factors and technology, if less output is obtained or if more factors are required to obtain the same output as earlier, it is known as production function with diminishing returns.

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