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Effect of Earth on Transmission Line Capacitance:

The presence of the Earth significantly impacts the capacitance of overhead transmission lines. As an equipotential surface, the ground alters the electric field configuration around the conductors, effectively increasing the line's capacitance. This phenomenon is accurately modeled using the "method of images," where the Earth is replaced by a fictitious "image conductor" carrying an equal and opposite charge to the actual conductor, positioned symmetrically below the ground.

While often negligible for short, low-voltage lines, the Earth's effect becomes crucial for high-voltage and long transmission lines. It can lead to a 10-30% increase in capacitance, influencing charging currents, voltage drops, and overall power system performance. Understanding and accounting for this effect is vital for accurate transmission line modeling, reactive power management, and insulation design. Factors like conductor height above ground, conductor spacing, and Earth's conductivity play a role in this complex interaction.

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