Скачать или смотреть This, is any mutation that changes the reading frame. This would be any insertion or deletion that

This, is any mutation that changes the reading frame. This would be any insertion or deletion that does not occur in multiples of three

A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic mutation that occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted from a DNA sequence, resulting in a change to the reading frame of the genetic code. This type of mutation can have significant effects on the protein produced from the affected gene, as the altered reading frame can lead to the incorporation of incorrect amino acids or premature termination of translation. The reading frame is the sequence of nucleotides that is read in groups of three, known as codons, and any insertion or deletion that is not a multiple of three can cause a frameshift mutation. The consequences of frameshift mutations can be far-reaching, potentially leading to genetic disorders or changes in an organism's phenotype. As our understanding of genetics and genomics continues to evolve, the study of frameshift mutations will remain an important area of research, with implications for fields such as medicine and biotechnology.

Some commonly used U.S. college textbooks that may cover this topic include chapters on molecular biology or genetics in general biology textbooks, such as Campbell Biology (Chapters 14-16) or Biology by Kenneth Miller and Joseph Levine (Chapters 13-15). This subject is typically covered in introductory biology or biochemistry courses, and related topics such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation are often discussed in the same chapter. Additionally, textbooks on genetics, such as Genetics: A Molecular Approach by William Klug, may also cover frameshift mutations in more detail (Chapters 10-12). Other related topics that may be found in the same chapter include point mutations, chromosomal mutations, and gene regulation.