Скачать или смотреть The Hidden Spin: How a Tiny Mystery in Hydrogen Light Led to the Discovery of Electron Spin

Dive into the fascinating history of one of quantum physics' greatest breakthroughs!
In 1887, Albert Michelson and Edward Morley accidentally discovered the "fine structure" – mysterious splitting in hydrogen spectral lines – while working on their famous ether experiment. For decades, this puzzled physicists. Niels Bohr's revolutionary atomic model explained basic lines but couldn't account for the fine details or effects like Zeeman splitting.

Enter Arnold Sommerfeld's relativistic refinements with elliptical orbits, the Stern-Gerlach experiment proving quantized magnetic moments, Wolfgang Pauli's exclusion principle hinting at a fourth quantum number, and finally – in 1925 – two young Dutch students, Samuel Goudsmit and George Uhlenbeck, proposing the electron's intrinsic spin!

With mentorship from Paul Ehrenfest and corrections from Llewellyn Thomas, this idea resolved fine structure, the Zeeman and Stark effects, and bridged classical and quantum worlds.
Join us on this chronological journey through early 20th-century physics drama, unsung heroes, and "aha" moments that shaped modern quantum mechanics.

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Timestamps:
0:00 - Michelson-Morley and the Discovery of Fine Structure
1:10 - Bohr's Model and Its Limitations
2:08 - Sommerfeld's Relativistic Orbits
2:20 - Stern-Gerlach Experiment
3:05 - Paul Ehrenfest and the Leiden Students
3:25 - Goudsmit & Uhlenbeck Propose Electron Spin
4:40 - Thomas Precession and Final Acceptance
5:50 - Earlier Ideas and Who Gets Credit?

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