How to keep elephants and wolves out of your yard

Understanding the animals we're trying to keep out has helped us build "biological fences"

CREDITS
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Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
https://neptunestudios.info

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REFERENCES
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Ausband, D.E. 2010. Pilot study report for using a biofence to manipulate wolf pack movements in central Idaho. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit.
http://www.umt.edu/mcwru/personnel/au...

Ausband, D.E.  (2011) Biofence: A Novel, Non-Lethal Tool for Deterring Wolf/Livestock Conflicts. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. https://awionline.org/sites/default/f...

Beachy R.N. (1997) Mechanisms and applications of pathogen-derived resistance in transgenic plants. Current Opinions in Biotechnology 8(2): 215–220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/90...

Beachy R.N., Loesch-Fries S., and Tumer N. (1990) Coat protein-mediated resistance against virus infection Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 451-472. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/...

Ferreira, S.A., Pitz, K.Y., Manshardt, R., Zee, F., Fitch, M., and Gonsalves, D. (2002) Virus coat protein transgenic papaya provides practical control of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Disease 86: 101–105. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs...

Gonsalves, D. and Ferreira, S. (2003) Transgenic papaya: a case for managing risks of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Health Progress. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/naldc/downl...

King, L.E., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2011) Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: field trials in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 49(4): 431-39. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10...

King, L.E., Lawrence, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2009)
Beehive fence deters crop-raiding elephants. African Journal of Ecology 47(2): 131–137. http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/...


OTHER CREDITS
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Deer jumping over fence
Footage by: Youtube user musselshell
   • Wild Deer Jumping Fence or Not  

Cow Peeing
Photo by: Richard Bartz
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...

Bos Taurus sideview
Photo by: Richard Bartz
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...

Bos Taurus sideview 2
Photo by: Wikimedia user Irmgard
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...

Sagalla beehive fence
Photo by: Lucy King
http://www.elephantsandbees.com

Timber_wolves_fighting
Photo by: Martin Cathrae
http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/...

Timber_wolves
Photo by: Martin Cathrae
http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/...

Papaya Guanica
Photo by: David Jenkins / EntomologyLabPR
http://entomologylabpr.blogspot.com/2...

Elephant
Photo by: Wkimedia user Charlesjsharp
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...

Bee
Photo by: Bob Peterson
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil...