IGCSE Biology - Sexual reproduction in plants (16.3)

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Cambridge IGCSE Biology (0610/0970)
Chapter 16 - Reproduction
Topic 16.3 - Sexual reproduction in plants
For exams in 2023, 2024 & 2025 (core and extended)

As always this video follows the Cambridge syllabus exactly and contains absolutely everything you need to know for your final exam!

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Timestamps:
0:00 Contents
0:39 Sexual reproduction in plants
1:07 Flower parts
2:00 Pollination and fertilisation
2:29 Flower adaptations
3:45 Germination
4:14 Germination experiment 1
4:51 Germination experiment 2
5:22 Germination experiment 3
6:00 Self pollination and cross-pollination (extended)
6:51 Pollen tube (extended)

Core content:
- Identify in diagrams and images and draw the following parts of an insect-pollinated flower: sepals, petals, stamens, filaments, anthers, carpels, style, stigma, ovary and ovules
- State the functions of the structures listed
- Identify in diagrams and images and describe the anthers and stigmas of a wind-pollinated flower
- Distinguish between the pollen grains of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Describe pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma
- State that fertilisation occurs when a pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule
- Describe the structural adaptations of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
- Investigate and describe the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds, limited to the requirement for: water, oxygen and a suitable temperature

Extended content:
- Describe self-pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant
- Describe cross-pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species
- Discuss the potential effects of self-pollination and cross-pollination on a population, in terms of variation, capacity to respond to changes in the environment and reliance on pollinators
- Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation (details of production of endosperm and development are not required)

Context:
- 16.1 - Asexual reproduction: A process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.
- 16.2 - Sexual reproduction: a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other
- 16.3 - Sexual reproduction in plants
- 16.4 - Sexual reproduction in humans: Structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems, the adaptive features of sperm and egg cells and the functions of the umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic sac and amniotic fluid in the development of the fetus.
- 16.5 - Sexual hormones in humans: The roles of testosterone and oestrogen during puberty, the changes that occur in the ovaries and to the lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle and the roles of FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen in controlling the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
- 16.6 - Sexually transmitted infections: Including the transmission of HIV or AIDS.