Скачать или смотреть A Short History of Africa: From Cradle of Humanity to Modern Resilience

A Short History of Africa: From Cradle of Humanity to Modern Resilience
"Africa – the cradle of humanity. This vast and diverse continent is where modern humans first emerged over 300,000 years ago in East Africa. From ancient origins, Africa gave birth to some of the world's greatest civilizations."
"Starting around 3100 BC, Ancient Egypt rose along the Nile River, building iconic pyramids, inventing writing, and creating a legacy that influenced the world."
"Further south and west, powerful kingdoms flourished. Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa was a thriving city of stone architecture from the 11th century.
"In West Africa, empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominated trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt. Mansa Musa of Mali was once the richest person in history, famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca."
"Islam spread across North and East Africa, while Christianity took root in Ethiopia. Trade routes connected Africa to Europe, Asia, and the Arab world."
"But in the late 19th century, everything changed. During the 'Scramble for Africa,' European powers carved up the continent at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, colonizing nearly all of it by 1914."
"Resources were exploited, borders drawn arbitrarily, and local societies disrupted. The Atlantic slave trade had already taken millions earlier, weakening many regions
"After World War II, independence movements surged. Ghana led the way in 1957 under Kwame Nkrumah. By the 1960s and 1970s, most countries gained freedom. In South Africa, the anti-apartheid struggle culminated in Nelson Mandela's release in 1990 and democracy in 1994."
"Today, Africa is a continent of 54 nations, booming cities, rich cultures, and young populations driving innovation and growth. From ancient wonders to future potential, Africa's story is one of resilience and triumph."
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