FLOW vs PRESSURE

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In this Pump Report, Chad explains that positive displacement pumps are flow creating machines and pressure is the result. But what variables affect the amount of pressure? To learn more, visit our website at vikingpump.com.

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Hi, I'm Chad Wunderlich with Viking Pump - and this is a gear pump, a common type of rotary positive displacement pump. At the outlet, I have a meter to measure the flow delivered, and a transducer to measure the outlet pressure. So what's created by this pump? Is it flow? Is it pressure? Or is it both? You're watching the Pump Report. Alright before I get started I need to clarify one thing: there are two different kinds of pumps. There's kinetic pumps, like centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps like this gear pump. What I'm describing in this video will be more applicable to the latter. Positive displacement pumps are flow creating machines. With each rotation of the pumping elements, a volume of liquid is moved from the inlet to the outlet. Pressure is the result. But what determines how much pressure is created? Now there are three common components to determining the total pressure. And the first is a pressure difference between the source and the destination. One example would be pushing liquid into a pressurized pipeline or into a pressurized tank. Another common example is hydraulics where the pressure must act on the area of a cylinder to exert tremendous force. The pressure required is a function of the force required and the area of the cylinder to which the pressure is applied. The second component is pressure due to head. This is because liquid has mass. As you push liquid from a low elevation to a high elevation, pressure will increase. The higher the elevation or the heavier the liquid, the greater the pressure at the pump. You can feel the effect of this pressure when you swim to the deep end of a pool or observe the pressure delivered by your city's water tower at your kitchen tap. The third and usually the largest contributor for pumps is pressure due to friction. There are going to be frictional losses due to the flow of liquid through the outlet pipes, hoses, fittings, valves, and any other downstream equipment. So pressure and flow aren't necessarily exclusive...they can be related. As I speed the pump up, flow increases. And because of increasing friction losses in the downstream system pressure also increases. Positive displacement pumps are renowned for their ability to handle a wide variety of liquids efficiently. But it's important to remember to make sure that the pipes are adequately sized to allow that flow without exceeding the pressure rating of the pump unit and system. Alright, so while pressure may be the result of flow, simply put, positive displacement pumps are flow creating machines. To learn more about this topic or to view other Pump Reports, please visit our website at vikingpump.com.