In this video, The Lallantop’s Kuldeep Mishra explained about the theory of Marxism. Marxism is a socio-political and economic philosophy developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which seeks to explain the development of human society through the lens of class struggle, materialism, and the dynamics of capitalism. Central to Marxism is the concept of historical materialism, which posits that the material conditions of society—such as the economy, technology, and class relations—are the primary drivers of historical development, rather than ideas or ideals. Marx argued that societies progress through distinct stages based on the prevailing mode of production, or the way in which the means of production (land, labor, and capital) are organized. In each mode of production, a specific economic structure and corresponding social relations emerge. For example, in feudal societies, the mode of production is centered on land ownership and the labor of peasants, while in capitalist societies, it revolves around industrial production and wage labor. The relationship between the ruling and working classes in each mode of production defines society’s structure. According to Marx, the transition from one mode of production to another is driven by contradictions and class struggle. In capitalist society, the primary contradiction exists between the bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (the working class). This leads to the alienation of workers, a concept central to Marx's critique of capitalism. Alienation refers to the process by which workers become estranged from the products of their labor, the act of production itself, and their own human nature. In capitalist systems, workers are reduced to mere cogs in the machine, with little control over their work or the fruits of their labor. Marxism envisions a revolutionary change where the proletariat, through class struggle, overthrows the capitalist system, leading to a classless, stateless society known as communism. In this final stage of social evolution, the means of production are collectively owned and controlled by the people, abolishing private property and exploitation. Marx's philosophy critiques the inherent contradictions within capitalism, arguing that it is doomed to collapse under the weight of its own internal contradictions, such as the concentration of wealth and the alienation of workers. Thus, Marxism offers both a critique of capitalist society and a revolutionary pathway toward a more just and equitable world. Watch the video to know more.
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Produced By: The Lallantop
Edited By: Asad
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