BLS 1003 - Fall 2025
Sherry Xie Shuchi Das
Mass Incarceration
Project Question
What is the rate of prisoners in the U.S today?
Thesis
Mass incarceration in the U.S is a major problem that is caused by harsh and unfair policies.
Annotated Bibliography :
Christopher Uggen, Ryan Larson, et al. “Mass Incarceration Trends.” The Sentencing Project, 31 May 2024, www.sentencingproject.org/reports/mass-incarceration-trends/.
In “Mass Incarceration Trends”, the report explains how prison populations in the U.S. have grown dramatically, mostly due to changes in laws and policies. It highlights how mass incarceration affects families and communities, especially Black Americans. The report also describes hardships for people with loved ones in prison, like job and housing problems, and talks about the challenges communities face because of so many people being jailed.
Pettit, Becky, and Carmen Gutierrez. “Mass Incarceration and Racial Inequality.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9540942/.
This article talks about how the United States imprisons more people than almost any other country, and how Black and Latino men are affected the most. It’s relevant in regards to, that crime has gone down, mass incarceration continues, mostly because of how the system works. The article looks at the serious effects of jail and prison on families and communities, making problems with income, voting, and health worse especially for African Americans living in the poorest neighborhoods. It also shows that these effects don’t just hurt individuals but whole groups of people and neighborhoods.
Sawyer, Wendy, and Peter Wagner. “Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025.” Prison Policy Initiative, Prison Policy Initiative, 11 Mar. 2025, www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html.
This comprehensive report provides a detailed, data-driven overview of mass incarceration in the United States as of 2025. It breaks down where nearly 2 million incarcerated people are held, why they are locked up, and debunks common myths used in public policy debates. The authors analyze carceral systems across federal, state, local, tribal, and immigration-related facilities, as well as youth, psychiatric, and civil commitment centers, highlighting the complexity and scale of U.S. incarceration.
Cullen, James. “The History of Mass Incarceration.” Brennan Center for Justice, 20 July 2018, www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/history-mass-incarceration.
This article offers a concise history of mass incarceration in the United States, starting from the intentions of the Founding Fathers and progressing to contemporary criminal justice policies. Early American justice sought to safeguard the rights of the accused, as noted by Alexis de Tocqueville during his visit in 1831. However, despite noble beginnings, the U.S. now incarcerates more people than any other nation, with rates far exceeding other developed
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