Скачать или смотреть Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (Part 3 Policing Models)

Policing Models and Approaches:

Centralized vs. Decentralized Systems: The Philippines operates a centralized police force, similar to Japan and France, where the national government holds control over law enforcement policies. In contrast, Canada and the United States have decentralized systems, allowing local police agencies to operate independently. Decentralized systems are generally more adaptable to local crime issues, whereas centralized systems can struggle with flexibility, a challenge the Philippines also faces.

Community Policing: Countries like the United Kingdom and Canada emphasize community policing, aiming to build partnerships between the police and the community to prevent crime. The Philippines has introduced Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) to promote community policing, although the program is still in its early stages of implementation. Lessons could be drawn from the UK's more integrated approach, which involves training officers to work closely with community leaders.

References

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Reichel, P. L., & Albanese, J. S. (2019). Comparative criminal justice systems:
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Worrall, J. L., & Gaines, L. K. (2022). Criminal Justice: Mainstream and
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Newburn, T. (2020). Criminology (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Hancock, B., & Sharp, D. (2021). Global issues in crime and justice.
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