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Learn how to create a `GitLab CI/CD` job that depends on two other jobs effectively, ensuring successful integration and deployment.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/77780264/ asked by the user 'TheBestPlayer' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/16249829/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/77780394/ provided by the user 'Ext3h' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/2879325/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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How to Set Up a GitLab CI/CD Job Dependent on Multiple Previous Jobs

When working with GitLab CI/CD, it is common to structure our jobs in such a way that some jobs depend on the successful completion of one or more previous jobs. However, it can be tricky to get it right, especially when a job needs to retrieve artifacts from multiple jobs. In this guide, we will discuss a user scenario where a release_job needs to depend on two other jobs: build and prepare_job. If you find yourself stuck in a similar situation, read on to discover how to solve this issue effectively.

The Problem

In our example, the user has a pipeline consisting of three jobs — prepare_job, build, and release_job. They encountered an error when trying to make release_job dependent on both prepare_job and build. The error message read:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

This indicates that the release_job is trying to access artifacts from prepare_job, but the GitLab runner does not recognize it as being in a previous stage due to job rules.

Understanding Job Dependencies in GitLab CI/CD

To solve the issue, we need to understand the dependency model in GitLab CI/CD. The keyword needs allows jobs to declare which jobs or artifacts they depend on, bypassing the default stage order. Here are some key considerations:

Stage Order: Jobs declared in stages run sequentially by default, but needs can rearrange this order.

Job Rules: Each job can have rules specifying when they should run based on certain conditions (like tags or branches).

Optional Dependencies: If a job that is not declared as optional fails, it will result in a pipeline failure.

The Solution

To ensure that our release_job takes dependencies on both build and prepare_job, we need to ensure both jobs can run under the same conditions. Here’s how we can modify the jobs accordingly:

Step 1: Align Job Rules

Make sure that the rules for prepare_job are aligned with release_job so that both jobs can run under similar conditions. Here's an example adjustment:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 2: Ensure Proper Usage of needs

In your release_job, you are already correctly using the needs keyword to depend on both build and prepare_job. Just ensure the rules allow for both jobs to be run based on the conditions defined.

Step 3: Test Your Pipeline

After making these changes, run your pipeline with a suitable commit tag. Make sure that both prepare_job and build jobs complete successfully so that release_job can access their artifacts.

Conclusion

By carefully aligning the job rules and properly declaring dependencies using the needs keyword, you can effectively set up a GitLab CI/CD pipeline with jobs that depend on outputs from multiple previous jobs. This approach not only organizes your job workflows but also enhances the efficiency and reliability of your CI/CD processes.

If you're facing challenges similar to this, remember that every job's rules must harmonize with its dependencies. Happy coding!