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The Miracle of Prophet Moses (PBUH) Parting the Sea into Twelve Paths
The event of Prophet Moses (PBUH) parting the sea is one of the most magnificent miracles mentioned in Islamic history and the Holy Qur'an. This miracle occurred by the leave of Allah to save the Children of Israel from the tyranny of Pharaoh.

As mentioned, the detail of the sea being divided into exactly twelve paths is confirmed in historical and religious sources, particularly in the works of Qur'anic exegesis (Tafsir).

The details of this event are as follows:

The Reason for the Event:
While Prophet Moses (PBUH) was departing from Egypt with the believing Children of Israel, Pharaoh and his massive army began to pursue them. When the people reached the shores of the sea (identified as the Red Sea in historical sources), they felt helpless—the sea was in front of them, and the enemy army was behind. As the people cried out in fear, "Indeed, we are overtaken!", Moses (PBUH) replied with great trust in God: "No! Indeed, with me is my Lord; He will guide me."

The Division of the Sea into Twelve Paths:
At that moment, Allah commanded Prophet Moses to strike the sea with his staff. As soon as Moses struck the water, the sea parted.

The wisdom behind the number "12" is that the Children of Israel consisted of twelve tribes, descended from the twelve sons of Prophet Jacob (also known as Israel). Disputes often arose among these tribes. To prevent confusion, avoid overcrowding, and ensure that each tribe could cross to the other side comfortably and safely, Allah opened twelve distinct paths within the sea.

Regarding this in the Holy Qur'an:
This miracle is described in Surah Ash-Shu'ara, verse 63:

"Then We inspired to Moses, 'Strike with your staff the sea,' and it parted, and each portion was like a great towering mountain." (Surah Ash-Shu'ara, 63)

Scholars of Tafsir note that although the walls of these twelve paths were made of water, they stood firm like mountains, and the ground between them became dry land. Furthermore, according to some narrations, openings like "windows" were formed between the walls of water so that the tribes could see one another and feel at ease during the crossing.

Conclusion:
Prophet Moses (PBUH) and his people, consisting of the twelve tribes, crossed safely to the opposite shore through these opened paths. However, when Pharaoh and his army followed them into the same paths, the waters surged back together while they were in the middle of the sea, and they were all drowned.