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abstract factory pattern in Java #shorts #java #programming #designpatterns


The Abstract Factory pattern is a creational design pattern that provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. It's like a factory of factories, where each factory produces a set of related objects.

Here's a simple explanation with an example:

Suppose we have two related interfaces: `Button` and `Checkbox`, and we want to create two different styles of GUI components: Windows and Mac.

First, we define the interfaces:

```java
// Button interface
interface Button {
void click();
}

// Checkbox interface
interface Checkbox {
void check();
}
```

Next, we create concrete implementations of the interfaces for each style:

```java
// WindowsButton class implementing the Button interface
class WindowsButton implements Button {
@Override
public void click() {
System.out.println("Windows button clicked");
}
}

// WindowsCheckbox class implementing the Checkbox interface
class WindowsCheckbox implements Checkbox {
@Override
public void check() {
System.out.println("Windows checkbox checked");
}
}

// MacButton class implementing the Button interface
class MacButton implements Button {
@Override
public void click() {
System.out.println("Mac button clicked");
}
}

// MacCheckbox class implementing the Checkbox interface
class MacCheckbox implements Checkbox {
@Override
public void check() {
System.out.println("Mac checkbox checked");
}
}
```

Now, let's define the abstract factory interface:

```java
// Abstract Factory interface
interface GUIFactory {
Button createButton();
Checkbox createCheckbox();
}
```

Next, we create concrete implementations of the abstract factory interface for Windows and Mac:

```java
// Windows GUI Factory class implementing the GUIFactory interface
class WindowsGUIFactory implements GUIFactory {
@Override
public Button createButton() {
return new WindowsButton();
}

@Override
public Checkbox createCheckbox() {
return new WindowsCheckbox();
}
}

// Mac GUI Factory class implementing the GUIFactory interface
class MacGUIFactory implements GUIFactory {
@Override
public Button createButton() {
return new MacButton();
}

@Override
public Checkbox createCheckbox() {
return new MacCheckbox();
}
}
```

Finally, let's see how we can use the Abstract Factory pattern to create GUI components for different operating systems:

```java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create Windows GUI components
GUIFactory windowsFactory = new WindowsGUIFactory();
Button windowsButton = windowsFactory.createButton();
Checkbox windowsCheckbox = windowsFactory.createCheckbox();

// Click the Windows button and check the Windows checkbox
windowsButton.click();
windowsCheckbox.check();

// Create Mac GUI components
GUIFactory macFactory = new MacGUIFactory();
Button macButton = macFactory.createButton();
Checkbox macCheckbox = macFactory.createCheckbox();

// Click the Mac button and check the Mac checkbox
macButton.click();
macCheckbox.check();
}
}
```

In this example, the Abstract Factory pattern allows us to create families of related GUI components (buttons and checkboxes) for different operating systems (Windows and Mac) without specifying their concrete classes. This promotes flexibility and simplifies the process of creating and maintaining GUI components for different platforms.