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The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Each element on the periodic table is uniquely identified by its atomic number.

Importance of Atomic Number
Element Identity: The atomic number determines the identity of an element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, which means every hydrogen atom has 1 proton in its nucleus.
Chemical Properties: The atomic number also determines the chemical properties of an element because it dictates the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Electrons are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms.
Periodic Table: The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. This arrangement helps in predicting and understanding the properties of elements and their compounds.