Скачать или смотреть Why can we only view one side of the Moon from Earth?

The dark and bright sides of the Moon have both been remotely studied by satellites in orbit. The far side of the moon was first imaged by the Soviet Luna 3 in 1959, and it was first seen by human eyes when NASA's Apollo 8 orbited the Moon in 1968. Multiple spacecraft, the most recent being NASA's artemis1 Orion Spacecraft, have since sent back images and other data demonstrating that the Moon's far side is distinct from its near side.
The Chinese Chang'e 4 lander successfully landed on the far side of the Moon on January 3, 2019.

The farside is brighter than the nearside, which is odd given that the farside is often referred to as "the dark side of the Moon." Large basins on the nearside are filled with dark mare deposits of basalt, while the highlands on the farside are comprised of a light-colored material called feldspar. Another difference may be to account for this: Since the mantle (the previously molten, denser layer that lies under the crust) is closer to the surface on the nearside of the Moon, its crust is thinner there. Nearside crust might be more readily fractured by asteroids, letting magma rise to fill impact basins and generate mare deposits.

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