Скачать или смотреть LIGHT EMITTING DIODE | Ch 18 ELECTRONICS | Physics 10 | Lec 3 | NBF | FBISE

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE | Ch 18 ELECTRONICS | Physics 10 | Lecture 3 | National book foundation| Federal board

In this *Class 10 Physics Lecture (Chapter 18 – Electronics, FBISE & National Book Foundation)**, we study the **Light-Emitting Diode (LED)**, its structure, working principle, and applications. A **Light-Emitting Diode* is a special type of semiconductor diode that emits energy in the form of *visible light* when electric current flows through it in *forward bias**. Unlike ordinary diodes, LEDs are designed using semiconductor compounds such as **Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP)* and *Gallium Phosphide (GaP)* that allow efficient light emission.

When an LED is forward biased, the *potential barrier decreases* and electrons from the conduction band of the n-region cross into the p-region. These electrons then recombine with holes in the valence band. During this recombination process, the electrons fall from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, releasing energy in the form of **photons (light)**. This is why an LED glows when current passes through it.

An LED is covered with a *transparent casing* to allow the light to pass through clearly. Depending on the materials used, LEDs can emit light of *different colors* such as **red, green, blue, yellow, and white**. Because of their efficiency and durability, LEDs are used widely in **indicator lamps, decorative lighting, traffic signals, display panels, optical communication systems, and modern electronic devices**.

This lecture explains the **symbol of LED, its construction, and its forward bias operation**, helping students understand the key differences between LEDs and normal diodes. It also highlights the importance of LEDs as energy-efficient light sources that consume less power and last much longer than traditional incandescent bulbs.

This topic is crucial for *FBISE Class 10 Physics students* preparing for board exams, conceptual clarity, and understanding practical applications of electronics.

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