Скачать или смотреть KRISHI DARSHAN - CHOMASU MAGFALINI VAIGYANIK KHETI PADDHATI - 30/06/21

Arachis hypogea is derived from two Greek words "Arachis" meaning to legume and "hypogea" meaning below ground, referring to the formation of pods in the soil. Recent botanical survey has indicated that Brazil in South America is the most likely centre of origin of this plant. In India, Jesuit Father (Missionaries) introduced it in first half of the 16th century. It was introduced in Gujarat by Shri.Padmabhai Patel of Pipaliya village,taluka dhoraji (Rajkot) in 1910 from Tamil Nadu Groundnut is a herbaceous annual with amore or less upright central stem with numerous branches that vary from prostrate to almost erect depending upon the variety. The flowers are yellow, complete, papilonate and sessile. In India, it is grown in an area of about 85 lakh hectares with the total productionof 84 lakh tonnes. Its cultivation in India is mainly confined to the States of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan Punjab and Orissa. In Gujarat, groundnut is grown in an about 20 lakh hectares area with total production of about 26 lakh tonnes annually. Saurashtra is the heart of the Gujarat and India for groundnut production. The kernels are consumed either roasted or fried and salted. Groundnut kernel contains about 47-49 % oil and 20 % protein. Groundnut oil is famous for use in human diet and Gujarati peoples like it more in preparation of their foods as compared to other edible oils. The oil cake obtained after the extraction of the oil is a valuable organic manure and animal feed. It contains 7-8 % N, 1.5 % P2O5 and 1.5 % K2O. It is a good rotation crop being legume as it build up the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules which adds about 12 to 40 kg N/ha and also act as a efficient cover crop for land exposed to soil erosion. Crop production technology of groundnut crop in kharif season is important aspect for farmers of Saurashtra and Gujarat region for exploitation of maximum yield. Some crop production technology points to be considered for sustainable production of groundnut are
---Crop is largely (80%) cultivated under rain fed conditions during kharif and sandy-loam soil rich in organic matter is best. Use of well decomposed FYM @ 10 tonnes /ha.
---Sowing of Kharif groundnut in June to July subject to receipt of rains.
---Seed rate of 100-110 kg /ha. for bunch type and 95-100 kg /ha. for spreading type.
---Rainfall/protective irrigation is necessary at flowering (20-40 DAS), pod formation (40-70 DAS) and pod filling (70-100 DAS).Sprinkler irrigation best suited for sandy soils.
---Two hand weeding, first around 20 DAS and second at about 35 DAS.
---Clean cultivation by rouging out weed hosts and off type of plants.
---Growing of diseases and pest resistant varieties.
---Install pheromone traps @ 10 traps/ha for Spodoptera and Helicoverpa and 25 traps/ha for leaf miner. Erect bird perches @ 10-12/ha.
---Spray neem oil @5ml/lt water along with suitable surfactant like soap powder @ 1g/lt. For control of pests.
Farmers may benefited by theses questionnaires to know more about kharif groundnut cultivation technologies and related issues of production..