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Identification of the Ninth Tool Mark on Hongshan Artifacts: Straight-Line Perforation Mark

Today, I would like to share and discuss with everyone the ninth type of tool mark used to authenticate Hongshan artifacts: the straight-line perforation mark.

The unique feature of this mark is that the inner walls of the perforations in Hongshan artifacts display parallel straight lines, rather than spiral marks. On plain artifacts, the presence of this particular tool mark alone is sufficient for authentication as a genuine Hongshan piece. This distinctive technique is recognized as the ninth tool mark: straight-line perforation.

I will provide two common examples of this type of perforation:

Cylindrical perforations with consistent diameter — most commonly found in cong-shaped jade artifacts.

Funnel-shaped perforations, narrowing from a larger to smaller diameter — typically found in the elephant-trunk-shaped threading holes of various objects.

By carefully observing a single Hongshan dragon-fetus-shaped artifact, one can easily identify both standard forms of straight-line perforations:

The coiled perforation in the abdomen is cylindrical.

The threading hole on the back, resembling an elephant’s trunk, is funnel-shaped.

Of course, this straight-line perforation technique is not limited to jade cong or elephant-trunk threading holes. It is widely applied across various types of perforations in different artifact forms.

Below is a curated list of artifacts that feature straight-line perforation marks:

Pair of yellow jade and cinnabar-patinated Liangzhu beast-face cong-style jade harness ornaments

Liangzhu beast-face patterned white jade cong

Plain Hongshan small jade cong

Plain Liangzhu jade bi disc

Plain Hongshan jade knife

Plain Hongshan jade axe

Plain Hongshan square-shaped jade jue

Plain Hongshan crab-claw-shaped jade jue

Hongshan glass meteoritic divine eagle

Hongshan chicken-blood stone divine eagle

Hongshan pure nickel meteoritic mini dragon fetus

Hongshan golden silk jade dragon fetus

Liangzhu beast-face jade bi disc

Liangzhu beast-face brown-skinned jade cong

Liangzhu beast-face short harness ornament

Hongshan millefiori glass mini medicine bottle

Finally, thank you for your participation and sharing!