Gestational Diabetes : Etiology, Diagnosis, Management and Complications

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Gestational Diabetes: Etiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Complications

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy. The etiology involves hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance, coupled with inadequate insulin secretion. Risk factors include obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history of diabetes. Diagnosis is typically made using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Management strategies focus on dietary modifications, physical activity, and monitoring blood glucose levels. Insulin therapy may be required if lifestyle changes are insufficient. Uncontrolled GDM can lead to complications such as macrosomia, preeclampsia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both the mother and child. Early detection and comprehensive management are essential to minimize these risks and ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.

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