Скачать или смотреть Jesus' "Keys" Implies the Pope per PROTESTANT SCHOLARS (unknowingly)

1. F.F. Bruce

Evangelical Bible scholar F. F. Bruce asks the question why Jesus gave the “keys of the kingdom” to Peter,
“An what about the ‘keys of the kingdom’? The keys of a royal or noble establishment were entrusted to the chief steward [prime minister] or majordomo; he carried them on his shoulder in earlier times, and there they served as a badge of the authority entrusted to him…(Isaiah 22:22). So in the new community which Jesus was about to build, Peter would be, so to speak, chief steward.” See more in F. F. Bruce, The Hard Sayings of Jesus, (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity, 1983), 143-144.

2. W.F. Albright and C. S. Mann

Protestant scholars W. F. Albright and C. S. Mann say that, when Jesus gives Peter the “keys of the kingdom,” that,
“Isaiah xxii 15 ff. undoubtedly lies behind this saying. The keys are the symbol of authority…” See more in W. F. Albright and C. S. Mann, The Anchor Bible: Matthew, (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971), 196.

3. R.T. France

Anglican/Evangelical Bible commentator R. T. France has this to say,
“In that case Peter’s ‘power of the keys’ declared in 16:19 is not so much that of the doorkeeper…but that of the steward (as in Is. 22:22, generally regarded as the Old Testament background to the metaphor of keys here), whose keys of office enable him to regulate the affairs of the household.”
See more in R. T. France, Matthew: Evangelist and Teacher, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1989), 247.

4. Oscar Cullmann

Lutheran biblical scholar Oscar Cullmann has this to say about Is. 22 and Matt. 16,
“Just as in Isaiah 22:22 the Lord lays the keys of the house of David on the shoulders of his servant Eliakim, so Jesus commits to Peter the keys of his house, the Kingdom of Heaven, and thereby installs him as administrator of the house.”
See more in Oscar Cullmann, Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr, trans. Floyd V. Filson, (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1953), 203.

5. M. Eugene Boring

Disciples of Christ Bible scholar M. Eugene Boring says that,
“Peter’s role as holder of the keys is fulfilled now, on earth, as chief teacher of the church…The keeper of the keys has authority within the house as administrator and teacher (cf. Isa. 22:20-25, which may have influenced Matthew here).”
See more in M. Eugene Boring, “Matthew,” in Pheme Perkins and others, eds., The New Interpreter’s Bible. Vol. 8, (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1995), 346.

6. Richard B. Gardner

The Brethren/Mennonite commentator says,
"The image of the keys likely comes from an oracle in Isaiah, which speaks of the installation of a new majordomo or steward in Hezekiah's palace."
See more in Richard Gardner, Matthew: Believers Church Bible Commentary, (Harrisonburg, VA: Herald Press, 1991), 248.

7. Joachim Jeremias

A Lutheran commentator says,
“Materially, then, the keys of the kingdom of God are not different from the key of David [Is. 22:22]…when Jesus is said to hold the keys of death and Hades (Rev. 1:18) or the key of David (3:7), this means that He is, not the doorkeeper, but the Lord of the world of the dead and the palace of God…handing over the keys implies appointment to full authority. He who has the keys has on the one side control, e.g., over the council chamber or treasury, cf. Mt. 13:52, and on the other the power to allow or forbid entry, cf. Rev. 3:7.”
See more in J. Jeremias, “Kleis,” in ed., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 3, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1968), 749-750.

8. Eduard Schweizer

A Presbyterian/Reformed commentator says,
“He is thus not the gatekeeper of heaven, but the steward of the Kingdom of heaven upon earth.”
Eduard Schweizer, The Good News According to Matthew, (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1975), 343.

9. D. Guthrie and others

These Protestant commentators say,
“The keys of the kingdom of heaven: the phrase [from Matthew 16:19] is almost certainly based on Is. 22:22 where Shebna the steward is displaced by Eliakim and his authority transferred to him”
D. Guthrie and others, The New Bible Commentary, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1953) [reprinted by Inter-Varsity Press], 837.

10. George Buttrick and others

These Protestant Bible commentators say,
“The keys of the kingdom would be committed to the chief steward in the royal household and with them goes plenary authority. In Isa. 22:22 the key of the house of David is promised to Eliakim. According to Paul, Jesus is the only foundation (1 Cor. 3:11), and in Rev. 1:18; 3:7, Jesus possesses the key of David and the keys of death and Hades. But in this passage [Matthew 16:19] Peter is made the foundation (cf. Eph. 2:20, where the Christian apostles and prophets are the foundation and Christ is the cornerstone) and holds the keys.”
George Buttrick and others, eds., The Interpreter’s Bible, (New York: Abingdon, 1951), 453.