Скачать или смотреть First Law of Thermodynamics | Internal Energy | Complete Thermodynamics Lecture

First law of thermodynamics | Internal Energy of a System | Complete Thermodynamics Lecture

Welcome to this detailed lecture on Internal Energy of a System. Internal energy is not something we can directly see, but it is present in every system around us, from a glass of water to the vast atmosphere. This lecture will guide you step by step in understanding what internal energy is, how it changes, and why it is so important in physics, chemistry, and engineering.

🌍 What is Internal Energy?
Internal energy, denoted as U, is the total microscopic energy stored inside a system. It comes from two major sources:
1. The kinetic energy of particles—due to their motion, including translational (straight-line movement), rotational (spinning motion), and vibrational (oscillations inside molecules).
2. The potential energy of particles—arising from chemical bonds, intermolecular forces, and atomic interactions.
Together, these microscopic energies make up the total energy of matter. Even when a system looks “still” to us, its molecules are buzzing with energy.

⚡ Why Internal Energy Matters
Internal energy helps explain how heat flows, how work is done, and how energy conservation works in all processes. It is the key quantity in the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states:
ΔU = q + W
ΔU = Change in internal energy
q = Heat transferred
W = Work done
This means that the internal energy of a system can increase or decrease only if heat is transferred or if work is performed.

📖 Topics Covered in this Video
✔️ Definition and meaning of internal energy
✔️ Components of kinetic and potential energy
✔️ Why internal energy is a state function
✔️ Relation to the First Law of Thermodynamics
✔️ Phase transitions and hidden energy changes
✔️ Extensive property explained with real-life examples


✨ Who Should Watch This Video?
This lecture is designed for:
Students of Physics, Chemistry, and Thermodynamics
Learners preparing for exams (FSc, A-Level, JEE, NEET, Engineering, University courses)
By the end of this lecture, you’ll not only know what internal energy is, but also understand why it is essential for explaining heat, work, and energy transformations.

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