Скачать или смотреть Schizophrenia and Spectrum Disorders | Chapter 12 - Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (8th Edition)

Chapter 12 of Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach (8th Edition) provides an in-depth exploration of schizophrenia and related spectrum disorders, focusing on etiology, clinical features, treatment, and nursing interventions. The chapter begins with the historical context of schizophrenia, its prevalence, and the devastating impact it has on individuals, families, and society. Etiological factors are examined through the stress-vulnerability model, which integrates genetic predisposition, neurobiological abnormalities, and environmental stressors. Brain structure and function, neurotransmitter imbalances—particularly dopamine dysregulation—prenatal influences, and psychosocial stressors are identified as major contributors. The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the DSM-5 are reviewed, including positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking), negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia, affective flattening), cognitive symptoms (impaired memory, attention, executive function), and affective symptoms (mood dysregulation). The text emphasizes the importance of early intervention and comprehensive assessment, including risk for violence, suicide, and comorbid conditions such as substance use. Treatment approaches are explored in detail, with antipsychotic medications categorized into first-generation and second-generation agents, along with their mechanisms, side effects, and nursing considerations. Nonpharmacological interventions—such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, family psychoeducation, cognitive remediation, and social skills training—are highlighted as essential to improving functional outcomes. Nurses are guided in applying the nursing process: assessing symptoms, diagnosing based on NANDA-I criteria, planning recovery-oriented outcomes, implementing interventions (including medication management, milieu therapy, and supportive psychotherapy), and evaluating progress. The chapter also addresses community-based treatment, relapse prevention, and recovery models that emphasize patient strengths, empowerment, and social integration. By combining biological, psychological, and social perspectives, this chapter equips psychiatric-mental health nurses with the knowledge to provide evidence-based, compassionate care to individuals living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.



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