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Keynote Title: Nexus Approach for a Sustainable Environment: From Individual Modeling Approaches to Digital Twins

Keynote Lecturer: Anthony Lehmann
Presented on: 01/04/2025, Porto, Portugal

Abstract: Evidence-based environmental management relies heavily on high-quality, accessible geospatial data. Despite the widespread adoption of Open Data policies across Europe, challenges persist in discovering and accessing data across temporal and spatial scales due to technical, political, economic, and cultural barriers. Moreover, the complexity of natural systems generates vast and often unmanageable amounts of data. To address these challenges, the concept of Essential Variables (EVs) has been pivotal. Initially developed for Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), this framework has been adapted to define Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) and, more recently, extended to the socio-ecological Earth system within a European project. Comprehensive monitoring of the Earth system requires robust Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) to facilitate the dissemination of metadata and, ideally, analysis-ready data. However, the complexity and costs associated with SDI implementation—such as those observed in INSPIRE and GEOSS initiatives—pose significant obstacles, particularly in achieving seamless machine-to-machine data access through interfaces like APIs. In recent years, advancements in geospatial workflows have shifted the focus toward defining and sharing complex analyses. Standard programming languages like Python and R, coupled with open platforms like GitHub, have significantly improved workflow reproducibility and accessibility. Additionally, the availability of diverse computing backends—from personal computers to cloud-based systems—has enabled scalable geospatial analyses. We illustrate these developments with two case studies in Switzerland. The first involves defining the Swiss national ecological infrastructure through integrated workflows that combine species distribution modeling and ecosystem service assessments to prioritize landscapes, identifying the top 30% for conservation. The second focuses on hydrological modeling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to transform daily weather data into river water quality and quantity outputs. Despite their success, these examples highlight opportunities for further integration within a Nexus framework, connecting Climate-Food-Water-Energy-Ecosystem domains to identify trade-offs and synergies in addressing complex environmental issues. Ultimately, the integration of these approaches into Digital Twins for the environment represents a transformative step toward converting essential variables into actionable insights for informed environmental decision-making.

Conference Website: https://gistam.scitevents.org

Presented at the following Conference: GISTAM, 11th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management