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SCALE & Representative Fraction (Surveying)

SCALE
 Drawings are not usually made full sized.
 For convenience, it is generally necessary to draw them to a reduced size.
 This operation being know as ‘Drawing to Scale’.
 For preparing drawings of any structure, draftsmen will assume certain suitable scale. So that structure can be adjusted to sheet.
 Definition: Ratio of the size of the map to its subject

SCALE = distance on a MAP/ distance on the GROUND


Representative fraction (R.F.)
 Representative Fraction is also known as Numerical Function.
 In this case, the ratio existing between the length on the map and actual length on the ground is indicated by a fraction whose numerator is always 1.
 This fraction is usually abbreviated as Representative Fraction (R. F.) Thus,
Representative Fraction (R.F.) = MAP distance/ GROUND distance


R.F. Example :
 Give R.F. of following:
1. 1cm = 3.5m (Explanation is given in the video)
2. 1cm = 20 Decameter (Explanation is given in the video)


Characteristics of SCALE
 It should be read to the greatest acquired.
 It should be convenient to use.

Requirements of Good SCALE
 It should be accurately divided and carefully numbered.
 The zero must always be placed between the unit and its sub divisions.
 The name of the scale together with its Representative fraction (R.F.) should be written on plane.
 It should be easily read and should not involved any arithmetic calculation for measurement of distance on map.


Types of SCALE
 Vernier scale
Plain scale
Diagonal scale
 Chord scale

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