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First Aid Management of Asthma

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First aid management of asthma focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing escalation into a severe asthma attack. Below is a step-by-step guide for asthma first aid:

Step 1: Assess the Situation
Stay calm and reassure the person.
Ask if they have asthma and if they have an asthma action plan.
Look for signs of an asthma attack:
Difficulty breathing
Wheezing or coughing
Chest tightness
Difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath
Step 2: Administer Reliever Medication
Help the person sit in a comfortable, upright position (do not lie them down).
Assist them in using their reliever inhaler (usually a blue inhaler containing salbutamol or albuterol).
Shake the inhaler well.
If they have a spacer, attach it to the inhaler for more effective delivery.
Give 1 puff every 30-60 seconds, up to 4-10 puffs, depending on their condition and response.
Encourage the person to take slow, deep breaths after each puff.
Step 3: Monitor and Reassess
Wait 4-5 minutes to see if symptoms improve.
If the symptoms improve:
Advise them to avoid triggers and rest.
Monitor their condition for recurrence of symptoms.
Step 4: Call for Emergency Help if Needed
Call emergency services (e.g., 911) immediately if:

The person’s symptoms do not improve after 4-10 puffs.
Their breathing worsens, or they are unable to speak or walk properly.
They appear very tired, pale, or bluish around the lips.

While waiting for help:

Continue giving 1 puff every 30-60 seconds, up to 6-10 puffs, until medical professionals arrive.
Step 5: Post-Attack Care
If the person stabilizes:
Encourage them to see their doctor for follow-up and action plan updates.
Help them identify potential triggers and preventive measures.
Important Notes
Never leave the person alone during an asthma attack.
Avoid using other medications unless specifically prescribed (e.g., antihistamines for allergies).
Avoid physical exertion or lying flat, as it can worsen breathing.