Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment.

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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:35 causes of Adult-Onset Still's Diseas
1:09 symptoms of Adult-Onset Still's Diseas
2:27 treatment for Adult-Onset Still's Diseas

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a form of Still's disease, a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by the classic triad of fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-colored bumpy rash. The disease is considered a diagnosis of exclusion.[1] Levels of the iron-binding protein ferritin may be extremely elevated with this disorder. AOSD may present in a similar manner to other inflammatory diseases and to autoimmune diseases, which must be ruled out before making the diagnosis.

Prognosis is usually favorable but manifestations of the disease affecting the lungs, heart, or kidneys may occasionally cause severe life-threatening complications.[2] It is treated first with corticosteroids such as prednisone. Medications that block the action of interleukin-1, such as Anakinra, can be effective treatments when standard steroid treatments are insufficient.[3]

Obvious similarities exist with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (also known as "juvenile-onset Still's disease"),[4] and there is some evidence that the two conditions are closely related.[5][6] The disease typically presents with joint pain, high fevers, a salmon-pink macular or maculopapular rash, enlargement of the liver and spleen, swollen lymph nodes, and a neutrophil-predominant increased white blood cell count in the blood.[1] Tests for rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibodies are usually negative and serum ferritin is markedly elevated. Patients experiencing a flare-up from Adult-onset Still's disease usually report extreme fatigue, swelling of the lymph nodes and, less commonly, fluid accumulation in the lungs and heart. In rare cases, AOSD can cause life-threatening complications, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, IVDC, fulminant hepatitis, or disabling conditions such as aseptic meningitis and sensorineural hearing loss.[7][8][9][1]