Скачать или смотреть Dual Nature of E-m wave | ATOMIC STRUCTURE | 11th | L#6 Dr A K Singh | Patna

Dual Nature of E-m wave | ATOMIC STRUCTURE | 11th | L#6 Dr A K Singh | Patna
The Discovery Of The Sub-Atomic Particles Of The Atom | ATOMIC STRUCTURE | 11th | Dr A K Singh
🧪 Atomic Structure (परमाणु संरचना) – Class 11 Chemistry Summary
#rutherfordatomicmodel Model

Atomic Structure ka matlab hota hai परमाणु की आंतरिक संरचना – यानि कि किसी भी atom ke andar kya hota hai, uske parts kya hote hain, aur kaise woh behave karta hai.

📌 1. Dalton's Atomic Theory (1808)

सबसे पहले John Dalton ne atomic theory di:

✅ Matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms
✅ All atoms of an element are identical
✅ Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
✅ Atoms combine in whole number ratios to form compounds

🔴 Limitation: Is theory mein electron, proton, neutron ka koi concept nahi tha — isliye yeh theory later on incomplete mani gayi.

📌 2. Discovery of Subatomic Particles (कण)
Particle Discovered by Charge Mass
Electron (e⁻) J.J. Thomson –1 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg
Proton (p⁺) Goldstein (named by Rutherford) +1 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Neutron (n⁰) James Chadwick 0 (Neutral) 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

✅ In teenon ko milakar atom banta hai
✅ Electron atom ke bahar shells me ghoomta hai, baaki nucleus me hote hain

📌 3. Atomic Models
🔷 Thomson’s Model (Plum Pudding Model):

Atom is like a "Rasgulla" – positive mass ke andar negative electrons embedded hote hain.
❌ Yeh model failed ho gaya because it couldn’t explain scattering experiment.

🔷 Rutherford’s Nuclear Model (1911):

Atom ka center me nucleus hota hai – jisme proton & neutron hote hain

Electron nucleus ke ird-gird ghoomte hain

Atom ka zyada space khaali hota hai

❌ Problem: Electron nucleus me gir jana chahiye tha — but doesn’t happen. Why?
🔷 Bohr’s Model (1913):

Electrons fixed orbits/shells me ghoomte hain

Energy levels: K, L, M, N...

Electrons jump karke energy gain/lose karte hain (quantum jumps)
✅ NEET & JEE ke liye important!

📌 4. Important Terms:

🔹 Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons
🔹 Mass Number (A): Protons + Neutrons
🔹 Isotopes: Same Z, different A (e.g. H¹, H², H³)
🔹 Isobars: Same A, different Z (e.g. Ar-40, Ca-40)

📌 5. Quantum Mechanical Model (Advanced – Class 11 Later Part)

Electron ki exact position batana possible nahi

We use orbitals instead of orbits

Introduces quantum numbers: n, l, m, s

🎯 Summary:

Atomic Structure chapter ek foundation hai jisme aap seekhte ho:

Atom ka structure

Electron-Proton-Neutron ka discovery

Models of Atom

Quantum concept

Isotopes/Isobars etc.

Ye sab concepts NEET/JEE ke liye direct questions ke form me aate hain.

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