CHARTRES CATHEDRAL

Chartres Cathedral, also known as Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres is a medieval Catholic cathedral of the Latin Church located in Chartres, France, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Paris. It is considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The current cathedral, mostly constructed between 1194 and 1250, is the last of at least five which have occupied the site since the town became a bishopric in the 4th century.

The cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. The building's exterior is dominated by heavy flying buttresses which allowed the architects to increase the window size significantly, while the west end is dominated by two contrasting spires – a 105-metre (349 ft) plain pyramid completed around 1160 and a 113-metre (377 ft) early 16th-century Flamboyant spire on top of an older tower. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives.

Since at least the 12th century the cathedral has been an important destination for travellers – and remains so to this day, attracting large numbers of Christian pilgrims, many of whom come to venerate its famous relic, the Sancta Camisa, said to be the tunic worn by the Virgin Mary at Christ's birth, as well as large numbers of secular tourists who come to admire the cathedral's architecture and historical merit.

FRANÇAIS :

La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres est le monument emblématique de la préfecture du département d'Eure-et-Loir, située à 80 kilomètres au sud-ouest de Paris. Elle est considérée comme la cathédrale gothique la plus représentative, la plus complète ainsi que la mieux conservée par ses sculptures, vitraux et dallage pour la plupart d'origine, bien qu'elle soit construite avec les techniques de l'architecture romane montrant ainsi la continuité et non la rupture entre ces deux types d'architecture1.

L'actuelle cathédrale, de style gothique dit « lancéolé », a été construite au début du XIIIe siècle, pour la majeure partie en trente ans, sur les ruines d'une précédente cathédrale romane, détruite lors d'un incendie en 1194. Grand lieu de pèlerinage, elle domine la ville de Chartres et la plaine de la Beauce, se dévoilant au regard à plus de dix kilomètres de distance.