A Simple Guide to Czech Grammatical Cases

🎈Complete Playlist on Czech Grammatical Cases and Declensions (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Locative, Instrumental), watch here:    • A Simple Guide to Czech Grammatical C...  



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🧠 WHAT ARE GRAMMATICAL CASES (DECLENSIONS) IN CZECH?
What does it mean to "decline" a word? Here is a brief explanation:

Cases are a grammatical category that shows the function of a word in a sentence. Every noun (a person, place, animal, or thing) can play various roles in a situation. It can play the main role and do something, or conversely, something can be done to it. It can be written, called, seen, or played, it can be given or received, it can be part of something, it can be a source or a destination for something, it can be used as a tool or means to achieve something, etc.

And this is what cases are for, we use them, to identify these roles within a sentence. In English, we express the role of a word with the word order (SUBJECT-VERB-OBJECT) and the prepositions. In Czech, in addition to this, we also use cases to show who is doing what to whom.

In practice this means, that we change the form of the word, usually, its ending, to indicate its function or role in the sentence. For example, the Czech woman's name "Anna" can be just Anna, but it can also be AnnY, AnnĚ, AnnU, AnnO, or AnnOU, depending on which role it plays in a particular situation.

There are seven cases in Czech and each of them describes a different function of the word in a sentence. They are called 1. nominative, 2. genitive, 3. dative, 4. accusative, 5. vocative, 6. locative, and 7. instrumental.

🗝️ FOR EXAMPLE:
1. JanA píše dopis. - Jana is writing a letter.
2. Jdu domů bez JanY. - I'm going home without Jana.
3. Dávám pero JanĚ. - I'm giving the pen to Jana.
4. Vidím JanU. - I see Jana.
5. JanO! - Jana! Hey, Jana!
6. Mluvím o JanĚ. - I speak about Jana.
7. Jdu domů s JanOU. - I'm going home with Jana.

In Czech, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals form cases, both in singular and plural.

If we go through the various cases of a word, we say that we decline it. Once we do this, we get a table with all possible forms of the word, which is called declension. Declension is the changing of the form of the word.


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