Chemical Bonding MCQs Basic level

A chemical bond is an attraction between two or more atoms, and is what forms a chemical. This is an electrostatic attraction - an attraction between positive and negative charges. In each atom, there are positively charged protons in the nucleus and negatively charged electrons orbiting around the outside.
The three types of chemical bonds are covalent, ionic, and metallic. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond and are formed when two or more atoms share electrons.
Atoms bind together to form molecules, and atoms of each element are different. They are different sizes, they have different electron configurations, and their chemical behavior means that they act differently inside a molecule. In this way, the variety of atoms and the behavior of their electrons means that molecules form in certain ways, and their shapes can be predicted using molecular geometry. Thinking of atoms as balls and atomic bonds as sticks, one can construct "toothpick models" that are approximations of molecular shapes.
Atoms bind together to form molecules, and atoms of each element are different. They are different sizes, they have different electron configurations, and their chemical behavior means that they act differently inside a molecule. In this way, the variety of atoms and the behavior of their electrons means that molecules form in certain ways, and their shapes can be predicted using molecular geometry. Thinking of atoms as balls and atomic bonds as sticks, one can construct "toothpick models" that are approximations of molecular shapes.
the VSEPR theory explains most of molecular geometry, but electrons in different positions will have different contributions.

Electrons in bonding pairs are restrained, in a manner of speaking, because they are locked into a shared space with another electron and are pulled by a positively charged nucleus at either end.
Electrons in nonbonding (lone) pairs are less restricted, and their repulsion effect is greater. Whether or not a molecule has nonbonding pairs directly affects its final shape.
The 6 basic molecular shapes are linear, trigonal planar, angular (bent), tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, and trigonal bipyramidal.

Linear: straight line

Trigonal planar: flat triangle

Angular (bent): bent line

Tetrahedral: four points

Trigonal pyramidal: trigonal planar with the arms bent downward, looks like a pyramid

Trigonal bipyramidal: trigonal planar with two more arms sticking straight up and down