Tihar, also known as Deepawali or the festival of lights, is one of the most cherished festivals in Nepal. Celebrated over five days in the autumn, it is dedicated to the worship of various deities, animals, and family ties. Each day holds its own significance:
1. Kag Tihar (Crow Worship) - On the first day, crows, known as messengers of Yama, the god of death, are worshipped with offerings of food. Their cawing is believed to bring messages, so this day honors them to avert any misfortune.
2. Kukur Tihar (Dog Worship) - The second day is dedicated to dogs, who are seen as the loyal companions and guardians of humans. People place garlands on dogs, put tikas (red vermilion) on their foreheads, and offer them treats to celebrate their loyalty and protectiveness.
3. Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja (Cow Worship and Goddess of Wealth) - On the third day, cows are worshipped as symbols of prosperity. In the evening, households perform Laxmi Puja, lighting oil lamps and candles to welcome Laxmi, the goddess of wealth, hoping for prosperity in the coming year. Homes are decorated with rangolis, and lights brighten every corner.
4. Govardhan Puja and Maha Puja (Ox and Self-Worship) - On the fourth day, people worship oxen, essential for farming in rural areas. In the Newar community, this day is also celebrated as Maha Puja, a ritual to purify and strengthen the body, mind, and soul.
5. Bhai Tika (Brother-Sister Celebration) - The final and perhaps most special day is dedicated to the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters put tikas on their brothers' foreheads and offer them blessings for their safety and prosperity, while brothers vow to protect their sisters. This day celebrates family bonds, with many exchanging gifts and feasts.
Throughout Tihar, people decorate homes with lights and flowers, sing traditional songs, and visit each other to celebrate together. It is a festival that emphasizes harmony among humans, nature, and divine forces.
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