Class 8 | Introduction to the Parliamentary System | Civics | English Medium | Maharashtra Board

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Class 8 | Introduction to the Parliamentary System | Civics | English Medium | Maharashtra Board
The parliamentary system in India is a democratic system of governance where the President of India serves as the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. It is based on the British Westminster model and is characterized by a bicameral legislature, consisting of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
Here's an introduction to the key components of the Indian parliamentary system:

President: The President of India is the constitutional head of the country and is elected indirectly by an electoral college comprising elected members of both houses of Parliament and state legislatures. The President's role is largely ceremonial, with limited executive powers.
Parliament: The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in the country. It consists of two houses:
a. Rajya Sabha (Council of States): It is the upper house of Parliament and represents the states and union territories of India. The Rajya Sabha has a maximum membership of 250 members, with members elected by the elected members of state legislative assemblies.
b. Lok Sabha (House of the People): It is the lower house of Parliament and represents the people of India. The Lok Sabha has a maximum membership of 552 members, with 530 members representing states and 20 members representing union territories. The remaining two members are nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community.

Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and is appointed by the President. The leader of the political party or coalition with a majority in the Lok Sabha is usually invited to form the government. The Prime Minister exercises executive powers and is responsible for the administration of the country.

Council of Ministers: The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, consists of ministers who are responsible for various government departments and ministries. Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Legislative Process: The Parliament is responsible for making laws and scrutinizing the government's actions. Bills (proposed laws) can be introduced in either house of Parliament and must be passed by both houses before being sent to the President for assent. The Rajya Sabha acts as a revising chamber, providing checks and balances to the legislative process.

Opposition: The political party or parties that do not form the government are considered the opposition. The opposition plays a crucial role in holding the government accountable, debating policies, and providing alternative perspectives.

Federal Structure: India follows a federal system of government, where powers are divided between the central government and the state governments. The central government has jurisdiction over subjects specified in the Union List, while the states have jurisdiction over subjects specified in the State List. Some subjects are concurrent, meaning they fall under the jurisdiction of both the central and state governments.

The Indian parliamentary system emphasizes democracy, representation, and accountability. It provides a platform for diverse voices to be heard, and decisions are made through a process of debate, discussion, and consensus-building among elected representatives.

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