Direct Digital Synthesis - How DDS Works and an Arduino Example

Direct digital synthesis (DDS) generators can make it easy to generate signals from square/ramp/sine to any arbitrary waveform with Arduino. The frequency can be set in the sketch and the system takes care of making it happen.

Here's an overview of how the DDS concept works and a demo for an Uno. The circuit is shown with the waveforms on a scope and is also simulated online with Tinkercad's free Uno simulator.

Timing:
0:00 Intro
1:03 Basic DDS: Counter with R-2R Resistor ladder DAC simulated on an Uno in Tinkercad
2:58 Change from Ramp to Square wave
3:18 DDS Sine wave generator using look up table
4:21 DDS block diagram and functional description
7:05 Phase accumulator - lots of bits
9:57 DDS system equation for calculating the tuning word
10:36 DDS generator Uno sketch and hardware demo on a scope
13:18 Summary

Sketch https://github.com/GadgetReboot/DDS_G...
DDS System block diagram, info, and equation from Analog.com https://www.analog.com/en/analog-dial...
Tinkercad Circuits https://www.tinkercad.com/learn/circuits
Resistor Ladder DAC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resisto...
Nyquist conditions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist...
Numerically controlled oscillator https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeric...

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