Скачать или смотреть Lutong Macoy: How Marcos Stole the 1969 Presidential Elections

Some accounts say this is one of the dirtiest and bloodiest elections in Philippine History. According to Sandra Burton, TIME magazine reporter, Marcos spent an estimated US$ 50 Million in public and private funds, even borrowed money to appeal to special interest groups and to meet his targets for the “rice and roads” program: 239 irrigational projects and 3,400 kilometers or roads. President Marcos ordered all this completed by election day. Using his “equity of the incumbent” and the use of government projects as a means to campaign was too much for the economy. A few days after the elections, the peso weakened and to pay for the costs of the projects, the government was forced to to seek an emergency International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan to be able to pay the balance of payments. IMF ordered President Marcos to float the peso. Peso destabilized from US$ 1.00 is to Php 2.00 when President Marcos became president, to US$ 1.00 is to Php 6.00. It affected the average Filipino so much that there was a shortage of pandesal because the price of imported flour rose so high. According to Burton, “Over the years voters had become inured to a high level of electoral fraud and corruption, but never before had the aftershock of a campaign played such havoc with their pocketbooks (Burton 1989, 75). So much for an early version of “EPAL.”

from LUTONG MACOY Philippine Elections under the Marcos Regime, Comparisons and Lessons for Today
By Michael Charleston “Xiao” Chua and John Joshua Duldulao

http://www.academia.edu/7968626/LUTON...