Скачать или смотреть Sultan Mahmud I – 24th Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (1730–1754)

Sultan Mahmud I – 24th Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (1730–1754)

After the downfall of the Tulip Era and the violent Patrona Halil Rebellion (1730), the Ottoman throne was taken by Sultan Mahmud I, the 24th ruler of the Ottoman Empire. His reign (1730–1754) became one of constant wars, diplomatic maneuvers, and struggles to preserve imperial stability in the face of powerful enemies from all sides.

⚔️ The Persian War – Nader Shah’s Invasion (1730–1746):

Soon after Mahmud I came to power, the empire faced an immediate threat from the east. The mighty Persian ruler Nader Shah Afshar launched a series of invasions against Ottoman territories, capturing Tabriz, Hamadan, and Baghdad at various times.

The conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Persia turned into a long and bloody war. Despite fierce battles and shifting control of cities, neither side could secure a decisive victory. Finally, peace was achieved through the Treaty of Kerden (1746), which restored pre-war borders and brought temporary calm to the eastern front.

⚔️ The Russo–Austrian–Ottoman War (1735–1739):

While the Ottomans were still engaged with Persia, new dangers arose in the north and west. Russia, under Empress Anna, and Austria, under Emperor Charles VI, formed a joint alliance against the Ottoman Empire.

The Russians invaded Crimea and Azov, while Austrian forces advanced through the Balkans.

The war extended from the Black Sea to Serbia and Wallachia, testing the empire’s strength on multiple fronts.

Under the leadership of Grand Vizier Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha, the Ottoman army achieved a stunning victory at the Battle of Belgrade (1739).

The victory forced Austria to sign the Treaty of Belgrade (1739), in which all captured territories were returned to the Ottomans. Russia also agreed to withdraw from Crimea, securing Ottoman dominance over the Black Sea once again.

⚔️ Return of Peace and Reforms (1740–1745):

Following years of continuous warfare, Sultan Mahmud I focused on rebuilding the empire. He restructured the army, restored trade routes, and worked to strengthen central control. Istanbul saw a brief period of cultural revival, and the empire’s administration regained order after decades of instability.

⚔️ Renewed Persian Tensions (1743–1746):

Even during this rebuilding phase, tensions with Nader Shah reignited. Nader demanded the recognition of the Shi’a branch of Islam as equal in the Ottoman-controlled holy cities, leading to another short conflict.
This phase of the Persian War ended only after Nader Shah’s attention turned eastward towards India, and peace was formally reaffirmed in 1746 through the Treaty of Kerden.

🕊️ Legacy of Sultan Mahmud I (1730–1754):

Sultan Mahmud I’s era was marked by resilience, diplomacy, and the preservation of Ottoman strength at a time when the empire was under immense pressure.
He successfully defended Ottoman borders against three major powers — Persia, Russia, and Austria — and maintained internal stability after years of rebellion.

When he passed away in 1754, he left behind an empire that was bloodied but unbroken — a state that had proven its ability to survive amidst the storms of the 18th century.

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