What is the history of Oujda Morocco ?

What is the history of Oujda Morocco ?
Oujda, Morocco, has a rich and varied history that reflects its strategic position near the Algerian border and its role as a crossroads of cultures, empires, and trade routes. Founded in 994 CE by Ziri ibn Atiyya, a leader of the Zenata Berber tribe, Oujda was originally established to serve as a fortified settlement and a point of power against the Almoravids, a rising power in Morocco. Throughout its history, Oujda has been a focal point of territorial conflicts, especially between Morocco and Algeria, and has seen control shift between di

Medieva
In its early years, Oujda was a stronghold for the Zenata Berber tribes and frequently changed hands due to conflicts between Berber dynasties, including the Almoravids an

Ottoman Influence and Saadi Rule
In the 16th century, Oujda came under the influence of the Ottoman Empire as the Turks expanded their influence in North Africa. Although the Ottomans did not fully incorporate Morocco, they maintained a significant influence in Oujda and the eastern part of the country. Around this time, the Saadi dynasty also rose to power in Morocco and attempted to push back Ottoman influence, consolidating control over Oujda and its surrounding areas.

Alaouite Dynasty and French Colonial Period
The Alaouite dynasty, which still reigns in Morocco today, took control of Oujda in the 17th century and integrated the city more firmly into Morocco's political structure. During the late 19th century, Oujda found itself at the center of growing tensions between European powers, especially France and Spain, who had colonial ambitions in North Africa. In 1907, the French army occupied Oujda as a prelude to establishing a protectorate over Morocco in 1912. Under French rule, the city saw infrastructure improvements and modernization efforts but also became a center of resistance and nationalist activity against colonial rule.

Post-Independence and Modern Era
After Morocco gained independence from France in 1956, Oujda experienced rapid urban growth and development. Its location near the Algerian border has continued to impact its history, especially during periods of political tension between Morocco and Algeria, such as the closure of the border in 1994. In recent years, Oujda has become known as a cultural hub in eastern Morocco, with significant investments in education, transportation, and industry. The city also hosts the annual Oujda International Festival of Rai, celebrating the region's unique musical heritage.

Today, Oujda is a blend of its ancient heritage and modern Moroccan culture, serving as an important gateway between Morocco and the rest of North Africa.

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