Transcription linguistics

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Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcri...)

Broadly speaking, there are two possible approaches to linguistic transcription.
Phonetic transcription focuses on phonetic and phonological properties of spoken
language. Systems for phonetic transcription thus furnish rules for mapping
individual sounds or phones to written symbols. Systems for orthographic
transcription, by contrast, consist of rules for mapping spoken words onto
written forms as prescribed by the orthography of a given language. Phonetic
transcription operates with specially defined character sets, usually the
International Phonetic Alphabet.