Скачать или смотреть This Is Sparta: How the Spartan Empire Rose and Fell

Sparta was a dominant and unique civilization in ancient Greece, renowned for its militaristic focus, rigid social hierarchy, and unusual political system. The state's primary goal was to create disciplined soldiers and maintain control over a large enslaved population, which defined every aspect of its society.
Its society was structured with distinct classes. Spartan citizens were the ruling class, dedicated to military training and service. Below them were the Perioikoi, free non-citizens who engaged in trade and crafts. The Helots were the lowest class, essentially state-owned serfs who worked the land to support the other classes.
The Spartan government was a complex system. It featured two kings who served as military leaders and religious figures. There was also a council of elders (Gerousia) and five annually elected officials (Ephors) who held considerable power. An assembly of all citizens (Apella) also had a role in the political process.
Spartan life was characterized by a focus on discipline, simplicity, and the needs of the state over individual desires.

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