বিভিন্ন ধরণের প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় বাংলা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস থেকে প্রশ্ন আসে। বিশেষত বাংলা সাহিত্যের মধ্যযুগ সম্পর্কে একটু বেশি প্রশ্ন আসে। কারণ এই যুগেই বাংলা সাহিত্যের বিকাশ ঘটে। তৈরি হয় বাংলা সাহিত্যের বিভিন্ন ধারা।
তারই প্রেক্ষিতে আমরা এই তথ্য সমৃদ্ধ ভিডিওটি আপনাদের সামনে তুলে ধরলাম। যেখানে খুব সহজেই চিত্রের মাধ্যমে বাংলা সাহিত্যের বিভিন্ন দিকের ইতিহাস তুলে ধরা হয়েছে।
Presenter : Omar Faruq
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Bangla Literature dates back to the 7th century at least and it may be divided into three main periods: ancient, medieval, and modern. The different periods may be dated as follows: ancient period from 650-1200, medieval period from 1200-1800, and the modern period from 1800 to the present. The medieval period may again be divided into three periods: early medieval also known as the period of transition from 1200-1350; high medieval from 1350-1700, including the pre-Chaitanya period from 1350-1500 and the Chaitanya period from 1500-1700; and late medieval from 1700-1800. The modern period begins in 1800 and can again be divided into six phases: the era of prose from 1800-1860, the era of development from 1860-1900, the phase of rabindranath tagore (1861-1941) from 1890-1930, the post-Rabindranath phase from 1930 to 1947, the post-partition phase from 1947 to 1970, and the Bangladesh phase from 1971 to the present.
High medieval: Pre-Chaitanya period (1350-1500) During this period, Bangla literature developed in three main areas: vaishnava literature , Mangala literature and translation literature. This period also saw the beginning of Muslim Bangla literature in the form of romantic and narrative poems.
The greatest of Vaishnava writers was the poet Baru Chandidas (14th century) who rendered jaydev's Sanskrit lyrics about radha and krishna into Bangla. The names of several poets who went by the name of chandidas have been found in the middle Ages: Adi Chandidas, Kavi Chandidas, Dvija Chandidas and Dina Chandidas. The confusion about whether there were one or several poets called Chandidas is known in Bangla literature as the 'Chandidas riddle'. Chandidas has been credited with over a thousand lyrics. The introduction to srikrsnakirtan edited by Basantaranjan Ray Vidvadvallabh and published in 1916 by bangiya sahitya parisat mentions the name of Baru Chandidas. He was perhaps the original Chandidas who composed verses in 1350.
The patronage provided by the Muslim rulers, particularly Sultan Alauddin Hussein Shah, his son Nasrat Shah and commander-in-chief, paragal khan, in promoting Bangla literature is specially noteworthy. The 45-year rule of the Hussein Shah dynasty (1493-1538) in Bengal not only led to political, social and cultural prosperity, but also nurtured bangla language and literature. It was during the rule of Hussein Shah that some Bengali poets began composing lyrics in brajabuli. It was also during his rule that Kanka wrote Vidyasundar Kahini in praise of satyapir (c 1502).
Padavali or lyrical literature Padavali and other medieval lyrics were based on the story of Radha and Krishna and were written by innumerable poets, Hindu and Muslim, including some women poets. Among the padavali poets were Chandidas, jnanadas, Lochandas, govindadas, Raysekhar, Sasisekhar, Balaram Das, Narottam Das, Narahari Das and Radhamohan Thakur.
'Translated literature Maladhar Basu composed Srikrisnavijay, a free translation of the Sanskrit Srimadbhagavata. The poem is also known as Govindamangal or Govindavijay and is believed to be the earliest translation work in Bangla. Several poets translated the Sanskrit Bhagavata, Ramayana and Mahabharata into Bangla during this period. krttivas ojha (15th century) was the first to translate the Ramayana into Bangla. He was followed by several other poets. In the 17th century, chandravati, daughter of dwija bansidas, the composer of Manasamangal, wrote Ramayanagatha. The first Bangla version of the Mahabharata was possibly Kavindra Parameshwar's Mahabharata or Kavindra Mahabharata (1525). Sanjay and Srikar Nandi also wrote versions of the Mahabharata. Popularly, the most important Bangla Mahabharata was, however, composed by kashiram das around 1602-10. It is probable, however, that other poets also contributed towards the final version that was printed at Serampore Press in 1801-3. Because of its refined language and feelings of devotion, this version became more popular than other Bangla versions.
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