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How DC motors work? In this video you can understand the working principle of a DC motor following step by step the description of every single component.

HOW A DC MOTOR WORKS?
After talking about the history and the basic principles of electric motors.
After demostrating the Lorentz force principle.
After building a small version of a DC motor with everyday materials.
After having disassemble a real version of a DC motor.
In this video we are going to explain in detail the functioning of a dc motor.
Let us take the example of the most simple version of a DC motor:
This is the stator which is responsible for the creation of a magnetic field.
This is the armature with a simple copper coil and represents the rotating part of this engine.
The armature receive the electric current thanks to its connection with the collector.
Like we’ve already seen in our last experiment, the Lorentz force was responsible for the rotation of the tin wire placed over a battery and a magnet. The wire was immersed in a magnetic field and while the electricity flowed into it a perpendicular force acted on it letting the rotation happen. This force was perpendicular to the motion of the charged particles. Here again the Lorentz force is responsible for the rotation of the copper coil, in fact when the electricity flows through the coil, an electromagnetic force acts on it.
These are the brushes, which are able to let the electricity flows into the copper coil of our engine.
When the electricity flows into the coil we notice that on the left side of the coil the electricity will always flows away from us. While on the right side electricity will alway flows towards us.
This ensures that the torque action is also in the same direction throughout the motion of the coil.
But in this situation, the torque action is not the same during the whole rotation of the coil. In fact, we can notice a slowdown of the rotation when the coil is nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field flux. That’s becouse in this position the value of the tourque action is near zero.
By adding a second coil to the rotor the rotation will be more regular, since in this way, when the first coil is in the vertical position, the second coil will be connected to the power source, so that the motor force will be always present in the system.
The presence of more coils into the rotor wil make the rotation smoother
La presenza di più bobine all’interno del rotore renderà la rotazione del motore più regolare.
The brushes are pushed against the collector through some springs, allowing the current flow to not be altered when the brushes are consuming due to their Mechanical friction with the commutator.