Monarch chrysalis parasitized by two pupal parasitoids

To see these parasitoids emerge from a monarch chrysalis, check out this video:    • Pteromalus cassotis parasitoids emerg...  

This video documents an interaction between a monarch butterfly (as a "J" and as a chrysalis) and two parasitoid wasps. The parasitoids are called Pteromalus cassotis. The monarch was able to defend itself when in the J stage by knocking the tiny wasps off of its body. However, as a chrysalis, the monarch is relatively unable to defend itself, especially as it hardens and loses the ability to wiggle. Relatively inactive portions of the video have been edited out for the sake of brevity. Total elapsed time: 2 hours, 20 minutes. This video was shot in the University of Minnesota Monarch Lab.

Music: The Life and Death of a Certain K. Zabriskie, Patriarch by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/vendaface/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/