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The immune system is the body’s defense system that protects against harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It works through three main levels of defense. First, physical barriers like the skin, mucus, and tears prevent pathogens from entering the body. Second, if pathogens enter, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils attack and destroy them through processes like phagocytosis and inflammation. Third, the adaptive immune system provides a specific response, where B-cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens and T-cells destroy infected cells. The immune system also forms memory cells, allowing it to respond faster and more effectively if the same pathogen enters again, which is the basis of vaccination.