What is Organic Conversions ? How to Master Organic Conversions ? One shot marathon 🧪😊👍 JAM NET GATE

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This videos is about Introduction to Organic Conversions and also a Masterclass: Transforming Molecules in Chemistry and provides conversion techniques

Organic Conversion refers to the process of transforming one organic compound into another through chemical reactions. This involves breaking and forming chemical bonds, often using catalysts, reagents, or specific reaction conditions. Organic conversions are fundamental in synthetic organic chemistry, as they allow chemists to create a wide variety of complex molecules from simpler ones.

In the context of Postgraduate Chemistry (PG Chemistry) students, understanding organic conversions is critical for mastering synthetic routes, reaction mechanisms, and designing efficient pathways for creating desired compounds. It includes the study of various types of reactions such as:

Functional group transformations (e.g., converting alcohols to aldehydes or ketones),

Rearrangements (where the structure of a molecule changes without changing its molecular formula),

Redox reactions (involving the oxidation or reduction of functional groups),

Substitution and addition reactions (where atoms or groups replace others or add to unsaturated bonds).

The conversion may include popular and important chemical reactions in organic chemistry

1. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions:
SN1 Reaction: A two-step mechanism involving a carbocation intermediate.

SN2 Reaction: A one-step mechanism where the nucleophile attacks the electrophile simultaneously as the leaving group departs.

2. Electrophilic Addition Reactions:
Hydration of Alkenes (Acid-Catalyzed): Addition of water to an alkene to form an alcohol. Halogenation of Alkenes: Addition of halogens (e.g., Br₂, Cl₂) to alkenes to form dihalogenated compounds.
Hydrohalogenation: Addition of hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, HI) to alkenes.

3. Elimination Reactions:
E1 Reaction: A two-step elimination mechanism involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate.
E2 Reaction: A concerted mechanism where the base removes a proton while the leaving group departs simultaneously.

4. Reduction Reactions:
Reduction of Aldehydes/Ketones to Alcohols: Using reducing agents like NaBH₄ (sodium borohydride) or LiAlH₄ (lithium aluminium hydride).
Catalytic Hydrogenation: Reduction of unsaturated compounds (alkenes, alkynes) to saturated compounds using hydrogen and a metal catalyst (e.g., Pt, Pd, Ni).

5. Oxidation Reactions:
Oxidation of Alcohols: Conversion of primary alcohols to aldehydes/acid (using reagents like Jones reagent or PCC) and secondary alcohols to ketones.
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation: Conversion of ketones to esters using peracids (RCO₃H).

6. Aromatic Substitution Reactions:
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Includes reactions like halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Alkylation of an aromatic compound using alkyl halides and AlCl₃.
Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Acylation of an aromatic compound using acyl chlorides and AlCl₃.

7. Rearrangement Reactions:
Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement: Rearrangement of carbocations in alkyl carbocation reactions.
Beckmann Rearrangement: Conversion of oximes to lactams.
Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement
Claisen Rearrangement
Hydride and Alkyl Shifts in Carbocations
Sigmatropic Rearrangements
Wittig Reaction

8. Coupling Reactions:
Wittig Reaction: Formation of alkenes from aldehydes or ketones and phosphonium ylides.
Suzuki Coupling: Palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl or vinyl boronic acids with aryl or vinyl halides.

9. Pericyclic Reactions:
Diels-Alder Reaction: A [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between a diene and a dienophile to form a cyclohexene derivative.
Electrocyclic Reactions: Reactions where a conjugated system undergoes a ring closure or opening with the shifting of π-electrons.

10. Friedel-Crafts Acylation/Alkylation:
The formation of aryl ketones via acylation or alkyl groups via alkylation using a catalyst like AlCl₃.

11. Aldol Condensation:
A reaction between aldehydes or ketones to form β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds, which can undergo further dehydration to form α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

12. Michael Addition:
A conjugate addition of a nucleophile to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

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