NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4: Food Security in India (Dr. Manishika) | English | CBSE

Dr. Manishika Jain in this lecture talks about NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4; Food Security in India
Food Security = Buffer Stock + PDS
Availability of food: Domestic Production, Imports & previous stock
Accessibility: Within reach of every person.
Affordability: Ample money to buy sufficient, safe and nutritious food for one’s needs
Why food security?
For BPL families
Natural Disaster – Earthquake, Drought, Flood, Tsunami

Famine: Deaths by starvation & epidemics by contaminated water
1942 – Devastating famine of West Bengal
Famine affected areas: Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa, Baran district of Rajasthan, Palamau district of Jharkhand

How are Food Insecure?
Landless people with little or no land to depend upon
Traditional artisans
Providers of traditional services
Petty self-employed workers
Destitute including beggars
Ill-paid occupation
Casual Labour
Social Composition – SC, ST, sections of OBCs
Natural Disasters
Pregnant & nursing mothers
Children under age of 5 years
Incidences
High incidence of poverty, tribal and remote areas
Regions more prone to natural disasters
Uttar Pradesh (E & SE), Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra - largest number of food insecure people in India
Hunger
Expression of poverty
Chronic: inadequate diet in terms of quantity and quality – low income group
Seasonal: food growing and harvesting cycles – common in rural (seasonal variation) & urban (causal labour)
Global Hunger Index
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) calculates GHI scores - Components
Undernourishment: Proportion of undernourished as percent of the population (reflect population with insufficient caloric intake)
Child wasting: Proportion of children under 5 years who suffer from wasting (low weight for their height, reflect acute undernutrition)
Child stunting: Proportion of children under 5 years who suffer from stunting (low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition)
Child mortality: the mortality rate of children under the age of five
2015 revision: Replaces child underweight as two indicators of child under-nutrition as child wasting and child stunting


Chapters:
0:00 Introduction: NCERT Class 9 Economics Chapter 4: Food Security in India
0:09 Food Security = Buffer Stock + PDS
2:09 Why Food Security
3:52 How are Food Insecure
5:01 Incidences
5:32 Hunger
7:04 Global Hunger Index
8:22 GHI – India
9:25 How India Compares with its Neighbours
9:43 What makes up India’s Hunger?
9:59 Definitions
10:11 Malnutrition
10:40 Undernutrition
10:46 Hunger
13:25 How the Public Distribution System Works
14:46 PDS
15:13 Rationing in India
16:07 Revamped & Targeted PDS
17:08 PDS Benefits
18:03 PDS – Limitations

#Hunger #Harvesting #Inadequate #Incidences #Insecure #Epidemics #Earthquake #Starvation #Contaminated #Nutritious #Affordability #Manishika #Examrace

GHI - India
2015: India ranked 97 out of 118 nations
Below India: Extremely poor African countries - Niger, Chad, Ethiopia and Sierra Leone & 2 India's neighbours: Afghanistan and Pakistan
Above India: Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and China

Definitions
Hunger: Distress associated with lack of food. FAO defines food deprivation, or undernourishment, as the consumption of food that is not sufficient to provide the minimum amount of dietary energy that each individual requires to live a healthy and productive life, given his or her sex, age, stature and physical activity level.
Undernutrition: Beyond calories and signifies deficiencies in any or all of the following: energy, protein, or essential vitamins and minerals. Due to inadequate intake of food in terms of either quantity or quality, poor utilization of nutrients due to infections or other illnesses, or a combination of these factors.
Malnutrition: Undernutrition + overnutrition (problems of unbalanced diets, too many calories, with or without low intake of micronutrient-rich foods).

India is aiming at Self-sufficiency in Foodgrains since Independence
Green revolution – Wheat followed by rice, highest in Punjab & Haryana
Buffer Stock: Stock of foodgrains, namely wheat and rice procured by the government through Food Corporation of India (FCI)
Minimum Support Price: Farmers are paid a pre-announced price for their crops, declared before sowing season – incentive
Issue Price: Distribute foodgrains in the deficit areas and among the poorer strata of society at a price lower than the market price


PDSAntyodaya cards for poorest of the poor BPL cards for those below poverty line APL cards for all others
Rationing in India
Started in 1940s
Acute shortage in 1960s

PDS benefits


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