Indian press and its role in independence | Freedom Struggle | Evolution of Vernacular Press | UPSC

#Indian #press and its role in independence | #Freedom #Struggle | Evolution of #Vernacular Press | Hindi | #UPSC

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History of press in colonial India
Indian Press History
Evolution of Vernacular Press in Colonial India
indian press and its role in independence
Role of Indian Press Freedom Struggle
History of Newspaper in India Pre-independence

1556 Father Gasper Caleza introduced printing press in India with the purpose of helping missionary work. HE got Printing Press from Portugal and The first printing press of India was installed in Goa in 1556.
1670 Printing technology was adopted in Bombay in 1670. But no newspaper came out of Bombay for almost 100 Years.
1780 James Augustus Hickey published India's First newspaper 'Bengal Gazette' in 1780.He wanted to expose malpractices and corruptions of East India Company. This paper attacked both Warren Hastings . It criticized government policies and the Governor-General
'Bengal Gazette' was published in English.
1784 - Calcutta Gazette
1785 - Bengal Journal
1785 - Madras Courier ( English )
1789 - Bombay Herald - was among the first English newspapers published from Bombay. Initially founded in 1789 as the "Bombay Herald", the newspaper's name was changed to "Bombay Gazette" in 1791.
1799 Censorship of Press Act. But, in 1799, Lord Wellesley brought the Censorship of Press Act, 1799. The idea was to stop the French from publishing anything which could harm British in any way. This act brought all the newspapers under the Government scrutiny
1818 Lateron Lord Hastings abolished this act
1818 India''s first newspaper in vernacular language, Samachar Darpan was published in which language Bengali. The first newspaper published in an Indian language was samachar Darpan. Samachar Darpan, the first vernacular paper was started during the period of
1822 The Bombay Samachar, now Mumbai Samachar is the oldest continuously published newspaper in India.
1822 Sambad Kaumudi - Bengali - started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. On December 4th 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Samvad Kaumudi. publication that actively campaigned for the abolition of the Sati Pratha
1823 "Licensing regulation Act - Every news paper needs to take a License before publishing it. Otherwise Imprisonment.
2. License can be revoked.It was enacted by the John Adams. According to this regulation, press without licence was a penal offence. The restr"
Under these regulations many vernaculars including Ram Mohan's Mirat-ul-Akhbar ceased publication. Persian weekly
1826 - Udant Martand ( Rising Sun ) - 1st hindi Newspaper - Published from calcutta - The day is celebrated as Hindi Journalism day - Hindi Patrakarita Diwas - 30 May each year
1835 Charles Metcalf abolished the Act.Due his liberal policy Metcalf is called the liberator of the Indian Press, important measures, including that for the liberation of the press, which, while almost universally popular, complicated his relations with the d
1868 Amrita Bazar Patrika in Calcutta - Bengali
1878 Vernacular press criticized British rule. Therefore British Govt came down heavily to curb vernacular press for which in 1878, Lord Lytton passed Vernacular Press Act, according to which Magistrates were authorised to ask any publisher of newspaper to giv
This law was not applicable to English Press.gagging Act
At the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed, there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal
the Amrita Bazar Patrika in Calcutta had converted itself into an all-English weekly within a week of the passing of the Vernacular Press Act,
1882 It was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.


Newspapers by famous Personalities
B.R. Ambedkar Mooknayak
Swami Vivekananda Prabudha Bhara
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Al-Hilal
B G Tilak Kesari & Maratha both Marathi - 1881
Motilal Nehru Independent
Dadabhai Naoroji Rast Goftar
GD Birla The Hindustan Times -1927
Jawahar lal Nehru National Herald - 1938
Mahatma Gandhi Young India & Navjivan in 1919 And lateron Harijan (1933)
M.M. Malviya Hindustan

Newspaper by Area
Bombay Kesari, Rast Goftar ("The Truth Teller") was an Anglo-Gujarati paper operating in Bombay. Gujarati fortnightly with a Persian name. First newspaper started in Gujarati language
Punjab Tribune
Madras Kerala Patrika, The Hindu, Swadeshamitran
Bengal Indian Mirror, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Sambad Kaumudi, Udant Martand ( Rising Sun )